Substitutions and Libero
Volleyball substitutions and Libero rules
How regular substitutions, Libero replacements and the 2026 FIVB substitution test fit together.
Regular substitutions
Under the Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028, each team may request a maximum of six substitutions per set. A starting player may leave once in a set and re-enter once, only to the previous position in the line-up. A substitute may enter once for a starter and may be replaced only by that same starter.
What makes the Libero different
The Libero is a specialist back-row defender. The Libero may replace any player in a back-row position, only one Libero may be on court at a time, and the Libero may not serve, block, attempt to block or complete an attack hit when the ball is entirely above the top of the net.
Libero replacements
Libero replacements do not count as regular substitutions and are unlimited. Normally there must be a completed rally between two Libero replacements. The regular replacement player may exchange with either Libero, and replacements use the Libero Replacement Zone while the ball is out of play and before the whistle for service.
FIVB 2026 competition test
For the 2026 Volleyball Nations League, U17 World Championships and Continental Championships, FIVB is testing eight substitutions per set instead of six. The test also allows rosters of 12 to 14 players with at least one Libero and the option to nominate two. FIVB states that permanent rule changes remain subject to review.